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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

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Building a database for energy sufficiency policies.

Benjamin Best1, Johannes Thema1, Carina Zell-Ziegler2,3

  • 1Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH, Döppersberg 19, Wuppertal, D-42103, Germany.

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PubMed
Summary

Energy sufficiency policies are crucial for decarbonisation but often overlooked. This study introduces a comprehensive database of nearly 300 European and national policy instruments, revealing a broad mix beyond simple product bans or information campaigns.

Keywords:
behavioural changeenergy demandenergy descentpolicy databasesocio-ecological transformationsufficiency policy

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Area of Science:

  • Energy Policy and Modelling
  • Climate Change Mitigation
  • Demand-Side Management

Background:

  • Sufficiency measures are vital for energy system decarbonisation but are underrepresented in current policy and modelling frameworks.
  • Effective policy-making is essential for the widespread adoption of demand-side solutions to climate change, similar to efficiency and renewable energy strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the gap in existing databases by conducting an extensive literature review of European and national sufficiency policies.
  • To present and categorize nearly 300 policy instruments, establishing the 'Energy Sufficiency Policy Database'.
  • To analyze the structure, data clustering, and policy instrument mix within the database.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive literature review of European and national sufficiency policies.
  • Clustering of identified policy instruments into relevant categories.
  • Development and description of the 'Energy Sufficiency Policy Database'.

Main Results:

  • The study identified and cataloged almost 300 policy instruments related to energy sufficiency.
  • Sufficiency policy encompasses a wide array of instruments, extending beyond product bans or individual-focused information tools.
  • The database reveals a comprehensive mix of policy types designed to enable sufficiency actions and reduce existing barriers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed policy database serves as a foundational resource for future policy recommendations and energy system modelling.
  • Further research is required to investigate the specific barriers and demand-reduction potentials associated with various sufficiency policy instruments.