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How do suboptimal temperatures affect polyploid sterlet Acipenser ruthenus during early development?

Martin Hubálek1, Vojtěch Kašpar1, Tomáš Tichopád1

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Triploid sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) show similar survival and growth to diploids under suboptimal temperatures. However, tetraploid and hexaploid sturgeon exhibit reduced survival, highlighting genome state impacts on thermal tolerance.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Sturgeons possess unique genome plasticity and a propensity for autopolyploidy.
  • River temperatures are altered by human activity and global warming, potentially harming sensitive developmental stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of diploid and autopolyploid sturgeon under suboptimal temperatures.
  • To understand how polyploid genome states affect organismal coping mechanisms in altered environments.

Main Methods:

  • Used the sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) as a model species.
  • Induced different ploidy levels: triploidy (SPBR, FMDS, SPBR+FMDS) and tetraploidy.
  • Evaluated survival and growth across temperature gradients (10°C, 16°C, 20°C) at different developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • Triploid A. ruthenus showed comparable survival, growth, and development to diploids under suboptimal temperatures.
  • Tetraploid and 2n/4n mosaic individuals exhibited significantly reduced survival, even at optimal temperatures.
  • Hexaploid genome states (and 3n/6n mosaics) were lethal during the prelarval period.

Conclusions:

  • Triploidy in A. ruthenus does not impair performance under thermal stress.
  • Tetraploidy and higher ploidy levels in sturgeon reduce thermal tolerance limits.
  • Polyploidy's impact on thermal tolerance is genome-state dependent, with implications for sturgeon adaptation to climate change.