Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 25, 2025
08:47
Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
Published on: December 7, 2017
9.9K
Linking hIAPP misfolding and aggregation with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a structural perspective
Shahab Hassan1, Kenneth White1, Cassandra Terry1
1Molecular Systems for Health Research Group, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom.
Bioscience Reports
|April 27, 2022
Summary
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a protein misfolding disorder involving human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP). Understanding hIAPP
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Endocrinology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Over 40 human disorders are linked to protein misfolding and subsequent cellular damage.
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a significant protein misfolding disorder (PMD).
- T2DM involves the misfolding and accumulation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), primarily in the pancreas.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current understanding of hIAPP misfolding.
- To explore hIAPP conformations in different body parts.
- To elucidate the structural basis of hIAPP and its link to T2DM.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on hIAPP.
- Analysis of protein structure-function relationships.
- Exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying hIAPP misfolding.
Main Results:
- Summary of known causes of hIAPP misfolding.
- Identification of various hIAPP conformations.
- Correlation between hIAPP structure and T2DM pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Understanding hIAPP's molecular basis is crucial for T2DM research.
- Elucidating hIAPP structure can guide therapeutic development.
- Effective treatments are needed as T2DM prevalence increases globally.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
3.3K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
3.3K
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
1.3K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
1.3K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
3.0K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.0K
03:03Amyloid Fibrils
10.0K
Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins. Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils.
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
10.0K
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
782
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
782
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
12.0K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
12.0K