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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.2K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.1K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.7K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Can Weak Chirality Induce Strong Coupling between Resonant States?

Yang Chen1,2, Weijin Chen2, Xianghong Kong2

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Chirality
  • Metasurfaces

Background:

  • Strong coupling in optical systems typically requires modulating intrinsic parameters like refractive index or structural geometry.
  • The weak chirality of natural enantiomers usually prevents achieving strong coupling regimes.
  • The potential for weak chirality to induce strong coupling remains an open research question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and realize strong coupling between resonant states using externally introduced weak chiral enantiomers.
  • To develop a theoretical framework for understanding chirality-assisted coupling.
  • To demonstrate enhanced chiral sensing capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a high-Q metasurface to achieve strong coupling between quasibound states in the continuum.
  • Introducing external enantiomers with weak chirality to assist coupling.
  • Establishing a chirality-involved Hamiltonian to model the coupling strength and chirality relationship.

Main Results:

  • Successfully realized strong coupling between quasibound states in the continuum of a metasurface assisted by weak chiral enantiomers.
  • Developed a quantitative model correlating coupling strength with chirality.
  • Demonstrated a 3-order enhancement in circular dichroism signal for chiral sensing compared to systems without strong coupling.

Conclusions:

  • Weak chirality can effectively induce strong coupling between resonant states in optical systems.
  • The developed Hamiltonian provides a method for enhancing coupling in weakly chiral systems.
  • This work presents a novel strategy for optical coupling manipulation with applications in chiral sensing, topological photonics, and quantum optics.