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Incipient speciation between host-plant strains in the fall armyworm.

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Genomic differentiation initiates speciation in fall armyworm (FAW) host-plant strains, contrary to recent panmixia claims. This study confirms early genetic divergence, including Z chromosome selection, supporting speciation theory.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Genetics
  • Speciation Biology

Background:

  • Speciation biology suggests whole-genome genetic differentiation (GD) can initiate speciation and accelerate its rate.
  • The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) serves as a model for studying speciation between host-plant strains.
  • Previous research indicated GD in FAW strains, but recent studies reported panmixia, questioning the initial findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reanalyze existing resequencing data of FAW.
  • To test for population structure based on host plants using diverse bioinformatics pipelines.
  • To resolve conflicting findings regarding genetic differentiation in FAW.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalysis of FAW resequencing data.
  • Application of multiple bioinformatics pipelines.
  • Utilized Principal Component Analysis (PCA), FST statistics, and ancestry coefficient analysis.

Main Results:

  • Genetic differentiation between FAW strains was confirmed across different bioinformatics pipelines.
  • Strain-specific selective sweeps were identified on the Z chromosome, indicating divergent selection.
  • Significant genetic differentiation was observed on the Z chromosome, with lower but significant differentiation on autosomes.
  • Evidence of Bacillus thuringiensis resistance mutations spreading from Puerto Rico to the US mainland was found.

Conclusions:

  • Host-plant strains of FAW undergo genomic differentiation early in the speciation process.
  • Divergent selection on the Z chromosome and potential hitchhiking effects on autosomal sequences contribute to FAW speciation.
  • The findings support the theory that genomic differentiation is an initial step in speciation.