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Related Concept Videos

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load01:23

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

296
Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
As the concrete specimen fractures under...
296
Relation Between Tensile Strength and Compressive Strength of Concrete01:30

Relation Between Tensile Strength and Compressive Strength of Concrete

375
Concrete is a fundamental building material, and understanding its strengths is crucial for construction projects. The relationship between its tensile and compressive strengths is intricate, showing that while these strengths are related, they do not increase at the same rate. Tensile strength's growth is slower and is affected by various factors such as the methods used for testing, the size and shape of the specimen, the texture of the aggregate used, and the moisture content of the...
375
Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:08

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

293
In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each...
293
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

224
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
224
Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

152
Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
152
Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete01:16

Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete

212
Considering the tensile strength of concrete involves recognizing that the theoretical strength of cement paste can be up to a thousand times higher than what is observed in practical applications. This significant discrepancy is largely attributed to the presence of microscopic cracks within the concrete. These cracks tend to amplify stress at their tips when a load is applied, a phenomenon explained by Griffith's theory of brittle fracture.
The dimensions and shape of a concrete specimen...
212

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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Cutting Procedures, Tensile Testing, and Ageing of Flexible Unidirectional Composite Laminates
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Compressive behaviour of anisotropic mycelium-based composites.

Adrien Rigobello1, Phil Ayres2

  • 1Centre for IT and Architecture, Royal Danish Academy, 1435, Copenhagen, Denmark. arig@kglakademi.dk.

Scientific Reports
|April 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that mycelium-based composites (MBC) can be reliably tested using a two-phase particulate composite model and ASTM D1037 standards. Mechanical properties like strength are significantly influenced by substrate particle size and fiber orientation.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Composite Materials

Background:

  • Mycelium-based composites (MBC) offer sustainable alternatives to conventional materials.
  • Standardized testing methods for MBC are lacking, hindering their widespread adoption.
  • Existing composite models may not fully capture the unique properties of MBC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a systematic approach for testing MBC mechanical properties.
  • To evaluate the applicability of the two-phase particulate composite model for MBC.
  • To investigate methods for enhancing MBC mechanical performance through design.

Main Methods:

  • Production of MBC using four distinct substrate particle sizes.
  • Compression testing of fabricated MBC samples.
  • Investigation of anisotropic substrate designs with oriented fiber placement.

Main Results:

  • The two-phase particulate composite model accurately describes MBC mechanical behavior.
  • Young's modulus and ultimate strength were significantly affected by substrate particle size.
  • Anisotropic designs with oriented fibers effectively modified compressive behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The two-phase particulate composite model provides a valid framework for MBC testing.
  • Substrate particle size and fiber orientation are critical factors influencing MBC strength.
  • Anisotropic design strategies offer a pathway to tailor MBC mechanical properties.