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Randomized Controlled Trial Data for New Drug Application for Rare Diseases in Japan
Yosuke Kubota1,2, Mamoru Narukawa3
1Department of Clinical Medicine (Pharmaceutical Medicine), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan. dl20402@st.kitasato-u.ac.jp.
Background:
High-quality evidence is often not obtained in the clinical trials of rare diseases because these trials tend to be smaller in size and non-controlled. We investigated the potential factors associated with the need for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the clinical data package for new drug applications for rare diseases in Japan.
Methods:
This study focused on 130 drugs with orphan drug designation approved in Japan between April 2004 and March 2020.
Results:
Multivariable regression analysis showed that the prevalence (odds ratio [OR] 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-8.6) and the type of primary endpoint (OR 6.66, 95% CI 2.41-18.37) were associated with the need for RCTs in the clinical data package in Japan.
Conclusions:
Our findings highlight the importance of adequate understanding of the target disease in new drug development for rare diseases.
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