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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice
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Early castration in foals: Consequences on physical and behavioural development.

Juliette Cognie1, Sandrine Freret1, Lea Lansade1

  • 1Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements (PRC) - UMR85, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France.

Equine Veterinary Journal
|April 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Early castration of foals at 3 days old does not impact their physical development or behavior compared to traditional castration at 18 months. This study suggests early castration is safe for equine development.

Keywords:
castrationdevelopmentfoalhorsemorphometrictemperament

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Equine Science
  • Animal Reproduction

Background:

  • The effects of early castration in foals remain understudied, unlike in dogs and cats.
  • Previous research has not explored the impact of very early castration on equine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the outcomes of castration performed at 3 days versus 18 months in foals.
  • To assess the long-term morphological and behavioral development following early versus traditional castration.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, blinded clinical study involving 22 Welsh ponies.
  • Foals were divided into two groups: early castration (3 days old) and traditional castration (18 months old).
  • Morphometric measurements and temperament tests were conducted from birth up to 3 years of age.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in physical development between the early and traditional castration groups up to 40 months of age.
  • Temperament and behavioral assessments at 1 and 3 years of age showed no variations between the groups.
  • Early castration did not negatively affect the morphological or behavioral development of the foals.

Conclusions:

  • Very early castration (at 3 days) does not interfere with the morphological or behavioral development of Welsh ponies.
  • Limitations include the use of a single breed and a small sample size, precluding comparisons with castration at older ages.