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Prioritizing intervention measures to prevent inappropriate self-medication practices using the Analytical Hierarchy

Birendra Shrivastava1, Omi Bajracharya2, Rajani Shakya3

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India.

Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy
|April 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize interventions against self-medication practices (SMP) in Nepal. Regulating prescription dispensing was identified as the most effective strategy to improve safe medication use.

Keywords:
AHP, Analytical Hierarchy ProcessAnalytical Hierarchy ProcessCI, Consistency IndexCR, consistency ratioIntervention measuresLMICs, low and middle-income countriesOTC, Over–The-CounterPOM, Prescription-only-medicinesPrioritizationSMP, Self-Medication PracticesSelf-medicationWHO, World Health Organization

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Policy
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) face challenges in providing accessible healthcare, leading to widespread self-medication practices (SMP).
  • Inappropriate SMP poses significant health risks due to factors like limited health professionals and weak regulation.
  • Addressing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases requires tackling issues like unsafe medication practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in prioritizing interventions for preventing inappropriate self-medication practices.
  • To identify the most critical intervention measures for mitigating risks associated with SMP in resource-limited settings.

Main Methods:

  • A structured questionnaire and the AHP model were employed to gather data from 16 expert respondents who passed consistency tests.
  • Experts ranked seven intervention measures based on criteria including medicine use control, knowledge, and healthcare cost.
  • Data collection occurred between March 2020 and May 2020.

Main Results:

  • The criterion 'control use of prescription and non-prescription medicine' was deemed significantly more important than minimizing healthcare cost or enhancing knowledge.
  • "Regulation of prescription and non-prescription dispensing practice" emerged as the top-priority intervention (20.68%).
  • Other highly prioritized measures included "accessibility of healthcare system" (19.27%) and "awareness program for the consumers" (17.13%).

Conclusions:

  • The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a viable tool for decision-making in prioritizing interventions against inappropriate self-medication practices.
  • "Regulation of prescription and non-prescription dispensing practice" is the most effective intervention, followed by improved healthcare access and consumer awareness programs.
  • Prioritizing these interventions can significantly improve self-medication practices and reduce associated health risks.