Removal of lithium and uranium from seawater using fly ash and slag generated in the CFBC technology

Fly ash and slag were produced as a result of the incineration of municipal sewage sludge using the circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) technology and were examined for the simultaneous recovery of lithium and uranium from seawater in batch adsorption experiments. These waste materials have been characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties using several research methods including particle size distribution, bulk density, SEM-EDS analysis, thermogravimetry, SEM and TEM morphology, BET, specific surface area, pore volume distribution by the BJH method, ATR FT-IR, and zeta potential. The fly ash and slag waste materials showed the following research results for Li-ion recovery: adsorption efficiency 12.1% and 6.8%, adsorption capacity 0.55 mg g^-1 and 0.15 mg g^-1, respectively. Better results were reported for U ion recovery: adsorption efficiency 98.4% and 99.9%, adsorption capacity 21.3 mg g^-1 and 56.7 mg g^-1 for fly ash and slag, respectively. In conclusion, the conducted research revealed that CFBC fly ash and slag are promising low-cost adsorbents for the effective recovery of Li and U ions from seawater.