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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

2.7K
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.2K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.0K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.0K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.1K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes
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Implementing the donor-acceptor approach in electronically conducting copolymers via electropolymerization.

R M Gamini Rajapakse1, Davita L Watkins2, Tharindu A Ranathunge2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka rmgr@pdn.ac.lk.

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Electropolymerization enables the synthesis of advanced donor-acceptor electronically conducting polymers (ECPs) with tunable properties. This review details their evolution, characterization, and applications in optoelectronics and bio-imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Electropolymerization is a key method for synthesizing electronically conducting polymers (ECPs).
  • Donor-acceptor (D-A) ECPs represent a significant advancement, offering intrinsic electronic conductivity and unique properties.
  • Previous research has focused on synthesizing and characterizing these materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the electrosynthesis and characterization of D-A type ECPs.
  • To summarize literature on D-A ECPs from 2004-2021, including their properties and applications.
  • To compare experimental and computational data for these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Electropolymerization for synthesizing D-A copolymers.
  • Electroanalytical studies to understand charge carriers and doping.
  • Computational chemistry for determining electronic and optical properties.

Main Results:

  • Electropolymerization allows stoichiometric control over D-A block copolymers.
  • D-A ECPs exhibit unique electronic and optical properties.
  • Comparison of experimental and computational data reveals insights into material behavior.

Conclusions:

  • D-A ECPs are promising materials for advanced applications.
  • Electropolymerization is a versatile tool for creating complex polymer architectures.
  • Further research can optimize D-A ECPs for devices like organic solar cells and transistors.