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Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization01:21

Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization

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Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Laparoscopic Anterior Right Hepatectomy: A Single-Center Experience
09:51

Laparoscopic Anterior Right Hepatectomy: A Single-Center Experience

Published on: December 4, 2023

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Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Right Atrium Metastases.

Andreia M Teixeira1, Iara Ferreira1, Ana L Barbosa1

  • 1Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, PRT.

Cureus
|April 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common in cirrhosis patients but rare without it. This paper highlights a rare initial presentation of HCC, emphasizing rising risks associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Keywords:
cardiac metastasescardiac tumourschronic liver diseasecirrhosishepatocellular carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently diagnosed in patients with cirrhosis, irrespective of its cause.
  • While uncommon in individuals without known cirrhosis, HCC can metastasize to the lungs, lymph nodes, and bone, with cardiac involvement being rare.
  • Alcohol consumption and viral hepatitis B and C are primary causes of cirrhosis and HCC, but non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging risk factor due to increasing metabolic syndrome prevalence.

Observation:

  • This study describes an unusual initial presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • The case highlights the potential for HCC to occur in patients without a prior diagnosis of cirrhosis.
  • Cardiac metastases from HCC, though rare, are noted in the context of its common metastatic sites.

Findings:

  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor for hepatic steatosis, advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and subsequent HCC development.
  • Despite NAFLD being a known risk factor, current medical guidelines lack specific recommendations for cancer surveillance in affected patients.
  • The paper aims to increase awareness regarding the rising incidence of HCC linked to NAFLD.

Implications:

  • Early screening and diagnosis of HCC are crucial for improving treatment efficacy and patient prognosis.
  • There is a need to develop and implement cancer surveillance strategies for patients with NAFLD.
  • Recognizing rare presentations of HCC is important for timely diagnosis and management, especially in the context of evolving risk factors like NAFLD.