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Layer-by-Layer Nanoarchitectonics Using Protein-Polyelectrolyte Complexes toward a Generalizable Tool for Protein

Cédric Vranckx1, Laure Lambricht2, Véronique Préat2

  • 1Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

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|April 28, 2022
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Summary

Protein-polyelectrolyte complexes (PPCs) enable robust layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of challenging proteins. This versatile method creates thicker, multifunctional films, expanding interface modification possibilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly is effective for immobilizing macromolecules at interfaces.
  • Integrating proteins into LbL films is difficult due to their polyampholyte nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the protein-polyelectrolyte complex (PPC) method for broader LbL self-assembly of proteins.
  • To demonstrate the versatility and robustness of PPCs as building blocks for multifunctional films.

Main Methods:

  • Complexation of various proteins (LL-37, insulin, lysozyme, glucose oxidase) with polyelectrolytes (alginate, poly(styrenesulfonate), heparin, poly(allylamine hydrochloride)).
  • LbL self-assembly of resulting PPCs with chitosan, poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and heparin.
  • Characterization of multilayer thickness and composition.

Main Results:

  • LbL films built with PPCs were significantly thicker than those with bare proteins, due to increased protein mass and/or hydration.
  • PPCs facilitated the LbL assembly of proteins previously difficult to immobilize.
  • Multifunctional films combining different proteins were successfully constructed using PPCs.
  • Protein and polyelectrolyte choice critically influences adsorption behavior and multilayer growth.

Conclusions:

  • PPCs offer a versatile and robust strategy for overcoming challenges in protein LbL self-assembly.
  • This approach enables the creation of advanced, multifunctional protein-based interfaces.
  • A guiding rationale for PPC utilization in protein LbL assembly is provided, benefiting diverse scientific fields.