Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Regulation01:25

Self-Regulation

11
Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
11
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

175
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
175
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.5K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.5K
Self-Efficacy01:29

Self-Efficacy

6
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
6
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback01:24

Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback

8
Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem:...
8
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

16
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
16

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Emotion regulation variability and flexibility in daily life show distinct associations with well-being, age, and executive functions.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Targeting intratumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer with sequential TIL infusions.

Cytotherapy·2026
Same author

Determinants of Parents' and Adolescents' Motivation Before Pediatric Weight Management-Data From the STARKIDS Cohort.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)·2026
Same author

From traits to trajectories: How changes in reactive temperament relate to the development of externalizing symptoms.

Development and psychopathology·2026
Same author

Emotion Regulation in Chronic Pain Is Impaired When Pain Is High: Results From a Large Ambulatory Assessment Study.

European journal of pain (London, England)·2026
Same author

How Does Adult Temperament Relate to ADHD Symptom Domains? Testing the Dual-Pathway Model.

Journal of attention disorders·2025
Same journal

You Are Always on My Mind: Neural Synchrony Between Mothers and Their 2-Year-Olds During Collaborative Play.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

The Longitudinal Role of Mother-Child Synchrony in Predicting Functional Connectivity in Early Childhood.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

Effects of Children's Video Gaming Experience on Chinese Orthographic Processing and Its Neural Mechanisms.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

The Kia Tīmata Pai Randomized Controlled Trial: ENRICH Early Childhood Teacher Training Improves Toddlers' Oral Language and Self-Regulation.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

Deaf Children's Use of Mutual Exclusivity and Eye Gaze to Determine Word Meanings in American Sign Language.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

Adolescents and Adults Use Different Facial Movements and Vocal Cues to Express Emotions.

Developmental science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

11.6K

Self-regulation in preschool: Are executive function and effortful control overlapping constructs?

Henning Schmidt1,2, Monika Daseking1,2, Caterina Gawrilow2,3

  • 1Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Developmental Science
|April 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Executive function (EF) and effortful control (EC) are highly similar in preschoolers. This study found substantial overlap between EF and EC measures, suggesting an integrated self-regulation model.

Keywords:
confirmatory factory analysiseffortful controlexecutive functionspreschoolself-regulationtemperament

More Related Videos

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

8.6K
Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
07:01

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

11.6K
Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

8.6K
Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
07:01

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Executive Function (EF) refers to cognitive processes supporting goal-directed self-regulation.
  • Effortful Control (EC) from temperament research involves executive attention, response inhibition, and planning.
  • Both constructs describe similar self-regulatory capacities in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between executive function (EF) and effortful control (EC) in preschoolers.
  • To determine the conceptual overlap between EF and EC measures in early childhood.
  • To explore an integrated model of self-regulation based on EF and EC.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-eight preschoolers (mean age 3.93 years) were assessed using a computerized EF battery (EF Touch).
  • Parent-completed questionnaires (BRIEF-P for EF impairments, CBQ for EC) were utilized.
  • Correlations and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to examine construct associations.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations were observed between measures of EF and EC.
  • A one-factor confirmatory model demonstrated a strong fit, supporting construct overlap.
  • Results indicate substantial overlap between EF and EC in the preschool age group.

Conclusions:

  • Executive function and effortful control are overlapping and highly similar constructs in preschoolers.
  • Findings support an integrated model of self-regulation encompassing both EF and EC.
  • This research highlights the interconnectedness of cognitive and temperamental aspects of self-regulation in early development.