Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 25, 2025

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
Published on: August 16, 2018
Photochemical organocatalytic enantioselective radical γ-functionalization of α-branched enals
Matteo Balletti1,2, Enrico Marcantonio1, Paolo Melchiorre1,3
1ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia - the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Abstract:
Reported herein is a rare example of asymmetric catalytic functionalisation of enals at the remote γ-position, proceeding via a radical path. The process requires visible light and exploits the synergistic actions of two distinct organocatalysts. A nucleophilic organic catalyst generates radicals upon SN2-based activation of commercially available alkyl halides and blue light irradiation. Concomitantly, a chiral secondary amine catalyst triggers the formation of a dienamine from α-branched enals. This chiral dienamine intercepts the photogenerated radicals with excellent γ-selectivity and good stereocontrol.
More Related Videos
06:31Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
Published on: November 27, 2015
06:49Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
Published on: April 22, 2016
Related Concept Videos
Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Overview
Reactivity of Enols
Dehydration of Aldols to Enals: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation
α-Alkylation of Ketones via Enolate Ions
Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals
Acid-Catalyzed α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
In the first step of the mechanism, the acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen resulting in a resonance-stabilized cation, which subsequently loses an α-hydrogen to form an enol tautomer. The C=C bond in an enol is highly nucleophilic because of the electron-donating nature of the –OH group. Consequently, the double bond attacks an electrophilic halogen to form a...