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Related Concept Videos

The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
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The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
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Deep Learning for Automatic Hyoid Tracking in Videofluoroscopic Swallow Studies.

Ming-Yen Hsiao1,2, Chi-Hung Weng3, Yu-Chen Wang1

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Zhongzheng Dist., National Taiwan University, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan.

Dysphagia
|April 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A new algorithm automatically analyzes hyoid bone movement during swallowing, offering precise kinematic data for airway protection and bolus transit. This tool aids in understanding swallowing disorders and improving patient care.

Keywords:
Convolutional neural networksDeep learningDysphagiaHyoid boneVideofluoroscopic swallowing study

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Medical Imaging Analysis
  • Swallowing Physiology

Background:

  • Hyoid bone excursion is crucial for swallowing, impacting airway protection and esophageal bolus transit.
  • Current methods for analyzing hyoid bone kinematics lack automation and standardization, hindering clinical application.
  • Existing automated tracking methods often require manual input or fail to align trajectories with anatomical axes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fully automatic algorithm for hyoid bone localization and kinematic analysis using convolutional neural networks.
  • To enable precise measurement of hyoid bone displacement and velocity along anatomical axes.
  • To provide a reliable tool for assessing swallowing function and related disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed for fully automatic hyoid bone detection and tracking.
  • The algorithm determines the spine axis for transforming hyoid bone trajectory into anatomical coordinates.
  • The model was trained on 365 videofluoroscopic swallowing videos and validated on 44 patient videos.

Main Results:

  • The algorithm demonstrated high detection rates for the hyoid bone with excellent inter-rater reliability.
  • Good-to-excellent reliability was achieved in calculating maximal displacement and average velocity in horizontal and vertical directions.
  • Moderate-to-good reliability was observed for average horizontal velocity calculation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed CNN-based algorithm provides complete automatic kinematic analysis of hyoid bone excursion.
  • This tool offers high potential for clinical applications in diagnosing and managing swallowing disorders.
  • The automated analysis enhances the precision and efficiency of evaluating swallowing kinematics.