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Related Concept Videos

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value01:13

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In healthcare diagnostics, laboratory tests play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions. However, interpreting test results is not always straightforward. An abnormal test result does not always confirm the presence of a disease, just as a normal result does not guarantee its absence. To assess the reliability of these diagnostic tools, healthcare practitioners rely on two key statistical indicators: sensitivity and specificity.
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Survival models analyze the time until one or more events occur, such as death in biological organisms or failure in mechanical systems. These models are widely used across fields like medicine, biology, engineering, and public health to study time-to-event phenomena. To ensure accurate results, survival analysis relies on key assumptions and careful study design.
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When we take repeated measurements on the same or replicated samples, we will observe inconsistencies in the magnitude. These inconsistencies are called errors. To categorize and characterize these results and their errors, the researcher can use statistical analysis to determine the quality of the measurements and/or suitability of the methods.
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Significance testing is a set of statistical methods used to test whether a claim about a parameter is valid. In analytical chemistry, significance testing is used primarily to determine whether the difference between two values comes from determinate or random errors. The effect of a particular change in the measurement protocol, analyst, or sample itself can cause a deviation from the expected result. In the case of a suspected deviation/outlier, we need to be able to confirm mathematically...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
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Too Sensitive or Just Right?

Dana Martin1, Steven C Smith1,2, Alden Chesney1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology
|April 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The D5F3 antibody clone demonstrated superior performance in detecting anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) compared to the ALK1 clone, showing greater staining intensity and proportion. This finding is crucial for accurate ALCL diagnosis, especially with limited tissue samples.

Keywords:
ALCLALKAnaplastic large cell lymphomaAnaplastic lymphoma kinaseFISHFluorescence in situ hybridizationIHCImmunohistochemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Molecular Pathology

Background:

  • Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) diagnosis relies on accurate assessment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expression.
  • Established immunohistochemical markers, such as the ALK1 clone, are used for ALK assessment in ALCL.
  • Novel antibody clones are continuously evaluated to improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the diagnostic performance of a novel rabbit monoclonal antihuman CD246 antibody (D5F3 clone) against the ALK1 clone for ALCL.
  • To evaluate the intensity and proportion of neoplastic cells positive for ALK expression using both antibody clones.

Main Methods:

  • Archival ALCL cases (n=27) underwent immunohistochemical assessment using ALK1 and D5F3 clones.
  • Staining intensity and proportion of positive neoplastic cells were evaluated using a standardized scoring system.
  • Results were compared with clinical anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays.

Main Results:

  • D5F3 clone identified more ALK-positive ALCL cases (48%) compared to ALK1 clone (33%).
  • D5F3 staining demonstrated significantly greater proportion (P=.02) and intensity (P=.03) of positive cells.
  • Three cases positive for D5F3 but negative for ALK rearrangements by FISH showed copy number gains at the ALK locus in a subset of cells.

Conclusions:

  • The D5F3 clone exhibits enhanced sensitivity and intensity for ALK detection in ALCL compared to the ALK1 clone.
  • The D5F3 clone's superior performance is particularly beneficial in cases with limited tissue samples.
  • Orthogonal ALK testing methods are recommended for cases with weak or focal staining to ensure diagnostic accuracy.