Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Multi-Step Reactions

Multi-Step Reactions

Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...

Radical Reactivity: Overview

Radical Reactivity: Overview

Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...

Relative Motion Analysis - Acceleration

Relative Motion Analysis - Acceleration

A slider-crank mechanism converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider. The movement of the slider-crank is an example of general plane motion as the fluctuating angle between the crank and the connecting rod. Consider a segment AB where point A is at the end of the slider and point B is on the diametrically opposite end to point A, on a crack. The variance in...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...

Reaction Rate

Reaction Rate

The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

High-Precision Intrinsic Interactome Elucidation of Chimeric Antigen Receptors via Photocatalytic Micromapping (μMap-CAR).

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Piecewise Stereoselective Assembly of Multisubstituted Alkenes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Oxyalkylation of Alkenes via Triple Radical Sorting.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Deaminative C(<i>sp</i><sup>3</sup>)─C(<i>sp</i><sup>3</sup>) Cross-Coupling of Benzylamines with Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids via Radical Sorting.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Biocatalytic cascades enable manufacture of the macrocyclic peptide enlicitide.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

Deoxycyanation of Alkyl Alcohols Using Photoredox Catalysis.

Organic letters·2026

Same journal

Erratum for the Research Article "Detecting supramolecular organic nanoparticles during heat wave".

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Local signals, systemic decline.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

The mechanics of liver regeneration.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Computing in a memory with physics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Retraction.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Making time.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Metabolic Mapping: Quantitative Enzyme Cytochemistry and Histochemistry to Determine the Activity of Dehydrogenases in Cells and Tissues

Metabolic Mapping: Quantitative Enzyme Cytochemistry and Histochemistry to Determine the Activity of Dehydrogenases in Cells and Tissues

Published on: May 26, 2018

Accelerating reaction generality and mechanistic insight through additive mapping.

Cesar N Prieto Kullmer¹, Jacob A Kautzky¹, Shane W Krska²

¹Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 28, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

An additive mapping approach rapidly expands synthetic method utility and provides mechanistic insights. This method led to a phthalimide ligand discovery for metallaphotoredox decarboxylative arylation, improving nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Silico Creation and Impact of Carbonylated Amino Acids on Protein Structure and Function

Author Spotlight: In Silico Creation and Impact of Carbonylated Amino Acids on Protein Structure and Function

Published on: April 26, 2024

Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior

Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior

Published on: January 31, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Metabolic Mapping: Quantitative Enzyme Cytochemistry and Histochemistry to Determine the Activity of Dehydrogenases in Cells and Tissues

Metabolic Mapping: Quantitative Enzyme Cytochemistry and Histochemistry to Determine the Activity of Dehydrogenases in Cells and Tissues

Published on: May 26, 2018

Author Spotlight: In Silico Creation and Impact of Carbonylated Amino Acids on Protein Structure and Function

Author Spotlight: In Silico Creation and Impact of Carbonylated Amino Acids on Protein Structure and Function

Published on: April 26, 2024

Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior

Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior

Published on: January 31, 2020

Area of Science:

Synthetic organic chemistry
Catalysis
Mechanistic studies

Background:

Reaction generality is key for synthetic method impact.
Current generalization methods require mechanistic understanding, limiting complex systems.
Metallaphotoredox decarboxylative arylation has lingering limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a new approach for expanding synthetic method utility.
To gain mechanistic insight concurrently with method expansion.
To address limitations in metallaphotoredox decarboxylative arylation.

Main Methods:

Additive mapping approach.
Validation on metallaphotoredox decarboxylative arylation.
Discovery of a phthalimide ligand additive.

Main Results:

The additive mapping approach rapidly expands synthetic method utility.
Concurrent mechanistic insight was generated.
A phthalimide ligand additive was discovered, overcoming reaction limitations.
The findings have implications for nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings.

Conclusions:

Additive mapping is an effective strategy for synthetic method generalization and mechanistic discovery.
The identified phthalimide ligand significantly improves metallaphotoredox decarboxylative arylation.
This work offers valuable insights into nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling mechanisms.