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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from S&#233;zary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling
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Update on the POEMS syndrome.

Yu Ri Kim1

  • 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Blood Research
|April 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

POEMS syndrome, a rare plasma cell neoplasm, involves polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes. Early diagnosis and treatment, including conventional agents and novel therapies, improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • POEMS syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic disorder linked to plasma cell neoplasms.
  • Its pathophysiology, involving pro-inflammatory cytokines, is not fully understood.
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a key marker for disease activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of POEMS syndrome.
  • To discuss diagnostic markers and treatment strategies.
  • To highlight the importance of early identification and management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of POEMS syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Analysis of the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and VEGF.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes for conventional and novel agents.
Keywords:
POEMS syndromePolyneuropathyTransplantationVascular endothelial growth factor

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Main Results:

  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) levels correlate with disease activity and treatment response.
  • Corticosteroids and melphalan offer effective combination therapy.
  • Autologous stem cell transplantation and radiotherapy are viable options for specific patient groups.
  • Novel agents like lenalidomide, thalidomide, and bortezomib show promise, but require further study.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection and proactive treatment are crucial for improving POEMS syndrome patient outcomes.
  • A multi-modal treatment approach, tailored to individual risk, is recommended.
  • Ongoing research is needed to further elucidate pathophysiology and optimize long-term management strategies.