Molecular pathogenesis and systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Cancer Research

Background:

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health challenge, characterized by high mortality rates.
• Historically, treatment options for advanced HCC were limited, leading to poor patient outcomes.
• Recent advancements in systemic therapies are transforming HCC management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular pathogenesis and heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma.
• To analyze current and emerging systemic therapies for HCC, including immunotherapies.
• To propose a therapeutic strategy and discuss challenges like resistance and biomarker development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of current research on HCC.
• Analysis of molecular classification and determinants of HCC heterogeneity.
• Evaluation of systemic therapies, including single-agent and combination approaches.

Main Results:

• Understanding HCC molecular classes is crucial for targeted treatment.
• Immunotherapy and targeted agents represent significant progress in HCC care.
• Mechanisms of resistance and the need for predictive biomarkers are key areas for future research.

Conclusions:

• Systemic therapies, particularly immunotherapies, are improving outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma.
• A deeper understanding of HCC molecular heterogeneity is essential for personalized treatment.
• Developing predictive biomarkers and overcoming resistance are critical next steps in advancing HCC therapy.