[Cement augmentation and bone graft substitutes-Materials and biomechanics]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic surgery
• Biomaterials science

Background:

• Diverse materials are employed for cement augmentation and bone graft substitutes.
• These materials are crucial in current trauma surgical procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate current research on cement augmentation and bone graft substitutes.
• To guide the specific application of new knowledge in this field.

Main Methods:

• A selective literature search was conducted.
• Experimental research results on cement augmentation and bone graft substitutes were outlined.

Main Results:

• Both cement augmentation and bone graft substitutes are essential in trauma surgery.
• Despite research, all materials present specific disadvantages.
• Cement augmentation improves implant anchorage and influences failure modes.

Conclusions:

• Cement augmentation shows significant potential, particularly in osteoporotic bone.
• Acrylic-based cements are the standard for load-bearing regions, while ceramic cements are preferred for non-load-bearing areas.
• Combining ceramic cements with resorbable metals offers unexplored potential, and virtual biomechanics can refine targeted applications.