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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: June 10, 2025

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[Dermatomyositis and juvenile dermatomyositis].

Frank Dressler1, Britta Maurer2

  • 1Kinderklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30623, Hannover, Deutschland. dressler.frank@mh-hannover.de.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|April 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Dermatomyositis is a complex inflammatory disease affecting multiple systems, with diagnosis relying on clinical signs, autoantibodies, and advanced imaging. Treatment has improved, enhancing patient prognosis but requiring ongoing management for potential complications.

Keywords:
BiologicsCalcinosisMyositis-specific autoantibodiesNeoplasmsSmall molecule inhibitors

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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Context:

  • Dermatomyositis (DM) is a multisystem inflammatory disease with variable onset and presentation.
  • Clinical manifestations include characteristic skin findings and potential muscle weakness, which may be absent in some cases.
  • Diagnosis is evolving with increased relevance of myositis-specific autoantibodies and supplementary investigations.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of dermatomyositis diagnosis, management, and prognosis.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and the role of various investigations.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Summary:

  • DM diagnosis involves clinical assessment (heliotrope rash, Gottron's papules), autoantibody screening, and potentially imaging (MRI, EMG) or biopsies.
  • Muscle enzymes may not always be elevated; specific autoantibodies are crucial for diagnosis.
  • Screening for gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, and oncologic conditions is vital based on subtype and age.

Impact:

  • Improved diagnostic accuracy through serological markers and advanced imaging.
  • Enhanced therapeutic options including biologics and small molecule inhibitors alongside traditional treatments.
  • Better patient outcomes and prognosis for both adult and juvenile dermatomyositis, though complications like calcinosis can persist.