Research on carbon emission reduction and blockchain investment under different dual-channel supply chains

Based on the consideration that consumers have low-carbon sensitivity and channel preference, a Stackelberg game model dominated by the manufacturer was constructed to study the joint strategies of low-carbon emission reduction and blockchain investment of supply chain members under three models: traditional retailer dual channel, manufacturer's online direct sales dual channel, and third-party e-commerce distribution dual channel. The interaction of different levels of emission reduction and blockchain investment in different dual-channel models was verified through the calculation and simulation analysis of the optimal decision of the supply chain members. The research results showed that the optimal emission reduction of manufacturers and the blockchain investment level of retailers under different dual-channel models are distinguishing, and manufacturers have the highest emission reduction under the dual-channel model of direct online sales; when manufacturers invest the same amount of emission reduction, the traditional retailer dual-channel model can obtain the highest profit. In the process of emission reduction decision-making, there are technology investors and beneficiaries, and the investment level is affected by the dual benefit effect of low-carbon emission reduction and trust and the combined effect of cost input. And the profit of the dual channel of third-party e-commerce distribution is the lowest; the ratio of technology gain to cost investment in the supply chain determines the initiative of low-carbon investment. Meanwhile, there are specific blockchain investment thresholds in different dual-channel modes, and the increase of the threshold value will improve the emission reduction. Besides, emission reduction investment is driven by the manufacturer's profit, and the more the manufacturer's channel accounts for, the higher the emission reduction tends to be. And further from the perspective of profit and emission reduction, it provides a reference for the channel selection and joint emission reduction strategies of the supply chain.