Oxidative Stability Matters: A Case Study of Palladium Hydride Nanosheets for Alkaline Fuel Cells

Pd-based electrocatalysts are considered to be a promising alternative to Pt in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), although major challenges remain. Most of the Pd-based electrocatalysts developed for the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been exclusively evaluated by rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry at room temperature, rather than in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), making it challenging to apply them in practical fuel cells. We have developed a series of carbon-supported novel PdH nanosheets (PdH NS), which displayed outstanding ORR performance in room-temperature RDE tests. Specifically, a sample synthesized at 190 °C displayed a mass activity of 0.67 A mg^-1 and a specific activity of 1.07 mA cm^-2 at 0.95 V vs RHE, representing the highest reported value among Pd-based ORR electrocatalysts in alkaline media and higher than Pt-based catalysts reported in the literature. Furthermore, we employed PdH NS and commercial Pd/C as model catalysts to systematically study the effects of temperature on their ORR activity in RDE measurements and subsequently evaluated their performance in MEA testing. Our observations indicate/demonstrate how oxidative stability affected the ORR performance of Pd-based electrocatalysts, which provided some critical insights into future ORR catalyst development for alkaline fuel cell applications.