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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Overview of Skeletal Muscle01:15

Overview of Skeletal Muscle

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Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Skeletal Muscle Anatomy00:55

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy

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Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
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Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:13

Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

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Skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are distinctly elongated, multi-nucleated, slender biological units. They are packed with specialized structures designed to facilitate their primary function, which is contraction.
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...
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Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:12

Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

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The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Non-invasive Skeletal Muscle Quantification in Small Animals Using Micro-computed Tomography
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Non-invasive Skeletal Muscle Quantification in Small Animals Using Micro-computed Tomography

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SnapShot: Skeletal muscle atrophy.

Leslie M Baehr1, David C Hughes1, David S Waddell2

  • 1University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Cell
|April 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Skeletal muscle size changes with stimuli, involving protein synthesis and degradation pathways. Understanding these pathways is key to addressing muscle atrophy and maintaining muscle mass.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle exhibits significant plasticity, responding dynamically to various internal and external stimuli.
  • Muscle size is regulated by a complex interplay of protein synthesis and degradation processes.
  • Dysregulation of these processes underlies muscle atrophy, a condition with significant health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the signaling pathways governing skeletal muscle size.
  • To understand how different stimuli modulate protein synthesis and degradation.
  • To provide a foundation for interventions targeting muscle mass regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on skeletal muscle signaling.
  • Analysis of key molecular pathways involved in muscle protein balance.

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Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice
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Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice

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Human Vastus Lateralis Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Using the Weil-Blakesley Conchotome
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  • Integration of data from various stimuli affecting muscle size.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified multiple signaling pathways crucial for regulating muscle protein synthesis and degradation.
    • Demonstrated that specific stimuli differentially activate or inhibit these pathways.
    • Highlighted the plasticity of skeletal muscle in response to environmental and physiological cues.

    Conclusions:

    • Skeletal muscle size is a dynamic trait controlled by adaptable signaling networks.
    • Altered stimuli lead to specific changes in signaling, impacting muscle protein turnover.
    • Further research into these pathways can inform strategies for managing muscle wasting conditions.