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Sensorimotor inhibition during emotional processing.

Alessandro Botta1,2, Giovanna Lagravinese2,3, Marco Bove1,3

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV/3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.

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Processing threatening visual stimuli rapidly enhances sensorimotor inhibition, particularly at 120 ms. This short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) response correlates with anxiety traits, suggesting heightened vigilance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Emotional stimuli engage complex brain networks affecting sensorimotor integration.
  • The precise impact of visual emotional processing on sensorimotor interactions remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how emotional body language (EBL) and International Affective Picture System (IAPS) stimuli influence sensorimotor integration.
  • To examine the temporal dynamics of sensorimotor responses to emotional visual cues using short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) in healthy participants.
  • Participants observed emotional (fear, happiness) and neutral EBL and IAPS stimuli.
  • SAI was assessed at 120 ms and 300 ms post-stimulus onset.

Main Results:

  • Fear-related EBL and IAPS stimuli selectively enhanced SAI at 120 ms, indicating increased motor inhibition.
  • Early SAI enhancement correlated negatively with Behavioural Inhibition Scale (BIS) scores.
  • A generalized decrease in SAI was observed at 300 ms across all stimulus types.

Conclusions:

  • Cholinergic sensorimotor circuits show heightened sensitivity to threat-related visual information early in processing (120 ms).
  • The findings suggest a rapid sensorimotor inhibition mechanism engaged by threatening stimuli.
  • The SAI protocol may serve as a valuable tool for assessing emotional-motor interactions in various conditions.