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Risk factors for early-onset high myopia after treatment for retinopathy of prematurity

Saiko Matsumura1, Tadashi Matsumoto2, Yuji Katayama2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan. saiko.matsumura@med.toho-u.ac.jp.

Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 29, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants increases myopia risk. The number of laser shots is a key factor for early-onset high myopia, necessitating early optical correction.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Optometry

Background:

  • Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of visual impairment in preterm infants.
  • Myopia is a common refractive error, and high myopia poses a risk for serious ocular complications.
  • Understanding risk factors for myopia in ROP infants is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of myopia and high myopia at age 3 in preterm infants with ROP.
  • To identify risk factors associated with the development of high myopia in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 89 preterm infants (birth weight < 1,500g) with ROP followed until age 3.
  • Cycloplegic autorefraction used to assess refractive outcomes.
  • Multivariate analysis conducted to identify risk factors for early-onset high myopia.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of myopia (59.7%) and high myopia (17.9%) was significantly higher in the ROP laser-treated group versus the untreated group.
  • Spherical equivalent was more myopic in the treated group (-1.72 D) compared to the untreated group (0.54 D).
  • Number of laser shots correlated with myopia severity (R² = 0.36) and was an independent risk factor for high myopia.

Conclusions:

  • The number of laser shots is an independent risk factor for early-onset high myopia in ROP infants.
  • Preterm infants treated for severe ROP require early optical correction and cycloplegic refractive examinations.
  • This highlights the importance of proactive visual management in high-risk infants.
Abstract

Keywords:
Early onset high myopiaMyopiaMyopia progressionRetinopathy of prematurity

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