Electromyography of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles: a consensus guideline

Since the introduction of transcutaneous-transcricoidal needle approaches, electromyography (EMG) of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) became easier to perform and teach. Among the Neurolaryngology working group of the European Laryngological Society, several centers have adopted PCA EMG as part of their routine EMG workup in vocal fold immobility collectively gathering long-term experience. The purpose is to give an update and an extension to already existing guidelines on laryngeal EMG with specific regard to PCA EMG.

Consensus of all co-authors is based on continuous exchange of ideas and on joint laryngeal EMG workshop experiences over at least 7 years. A Delphi method of consensus development was used, i.e., the manuscript was circulated among the co-authors until full agreement was achieved.

Step-by-step instructions on how to perform and interpret PCA EMG are provided.

Further research should include the establishment of normal values for PCA and thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) EMG as well as studies on the nature of some unusual activation pattern commonly seen in chronically lesioned PCA.