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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Nasolacrimal Lavage as a Treatment for Ocular Surface Toxic Soup Syndrome
Published on: April 25, 2025
[Punctal stenosis: etiology, diagnosis, treatment]
E L Atkova1, A A Maydanova1, N N Krakhovetskiy1
1Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.
Abstract:
This article reviews etiological factors in the development of lacrimal punctal stenosis, modern diagnostic techniques, as well as both conservative and surgical treatment methods. The presented analysis is based on data from 67 literary sources, which provide information on conventional and high-tech examination and treatment methods of patients with lacrimal punctal stenosis. Particular attention is paid to various aspects of punctoplasty - the most common surgical intervention used to treat this pathology.
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