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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Quantitative Optical Microscopy: Measurement of Cellular Biophysical Features with a Standard Optical Microscope
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A qPlus-based scanning probe microscope compatible with optical measurements.

Bowei Cheng1, Da Wu1, Ke Bian1

  • 1International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|April 30, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel scanning probe microscope (SPM) for atomic-scale optical experiments, achieving high resolution and stability. This system enables detailed imaging and spectroscopy of surfaces at the atomic level.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Atomic-scale experiments require advanced microscopy techniques.
  • Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) offers high resolution but can be limited in optical capabilities.
  • Integrating optical components with SPM demands high mechanical and thermal stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and develop a scanning probe microscope (SPM) system for atomic-scale optical experiments.
  • To enhance light excitation and collection efficiency within the SPM.
  • To achieve atomic resolution imaging and spectroscopy with improved stability and reduced noise.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a qPlus sensor-based SPM system operating under ultrahigh vacuum and low temperature (6.2 K).
  • Integrated two high numerical aperture (N.A. = 0.38) front lenses with nano-positioners onto the scanner head.
  • Employed scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) modes with a CO-terminated tip.

Main Results:

  • Achieved low electric noise floor (5 fA/Hz^1/2) and minimal vibrational noise (< 200 fm/Hz^1/2).
  • Demonstrated high mechanical stability with tip-sample spacing drift < 0.1 pm/min and a high Q factor (140,000) for the qPlus sensor.
  • Obtained atomic-resolution imaging of Au(111) surfaces and resolved the hydrogen-bonding structure of 2D ice.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SPM system is suitable for atomic-scale optical experiments, offering high stability and resolution.
  • The integrated optical components enhance light manipulation capabilities for advanced surface studies.
  • The system paves the way for future photon-assisted SPM experiments, including electroluminescence spectroscopy.