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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe
Published on: December 4, 2016
Challenges of the UK government and industries regarding emission control after ICE vehicle bans
Jianbing Gao1, Junfeng Huang2, Xiaopan Li3
1School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Development and Application of New Transportation Energy, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China; Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Abstract:
Over the last few decades, the annual air pollutants from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles have dropped significantly, benefiting from the implementation of strict emission regulations and the development of vehicle technology. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions from transport sectors contributed more than 32% and 12% of annual total emissions. Although hazardous exhaust emissions from ICE vehicles will be reduced after the bans on ICE vehicle sales in 2030, sustainable technology development of ICE vehicles is still necessary to meet the future challenges. After-treatment retrofitting technology and Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) are particularly important measures to deal with the deterioration of engines and after-treatment systems.
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