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Delirium.

Craig R Keenan1, Sharad Jain2

  • 1University of California, Davis School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 1100, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|May 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delirium, an acute cognitive disorder, is often missed by clinicians. Diagnostic tools and careful examination aid in identifying this condition, which stems from underlying medical issues.

Keywords:
AssessmentAttentionCAMCognitionConfusionDeliriumExamination

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Delirium is an acute, fluctuating disturbance in attention and cognition.
  • It is frequently underdiagnosed by healthcare professionals.
  • Effective diagnostic tools exist for various clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of diagnostic tools for delirium.
  • To emphasize the role of history and physical examination in delirium diagnosis.
  • To underscore the multifactorial nature of delirium and the need for comprehensive assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established diagnostic tools for delirium, including CAM, CAM-ICU, 3D-CAM, bCAM, 4AT, and UB-CAM.
  • Emphasis on utilizing patient history and physical examination findings.
  • Discussion of the need for thorough assessment of underlying medical conditions.

Main Results:

  • Several validated diagnostic tools can assist clinicians in diagnosing delirium.
  • History and physical examination provide valuable clues for diagnosis.
  • Delirium diagnosis requires investigating a broad spectrum of potential underlying medical causes.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians can effectively diagnose delirium using available tools and thorough patient assessment.
  • Recognizing and diagnosing delirium is crucial due to its underlying medical causes.
  • Physical examination, though less studied, offers important diagnostic insights.