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Updated: Sep 25, 2025
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects: preliminary results in children weighing 10 kg or less
Kamran Mirza M1, Shaad Abqari2, Azam Haseen3
1PCE-CS Unit, JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Insights
Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect is a safe and feasible option for children weighing 10 kg or less. Device closure demonstrated successful outcomes, offering a viable alternative to surgery for pediatric heart defects.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Interventional Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Disease
Background:
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a common congenital heart defect in children.
- Transcatheter device closure has advanced, becoming suitable for younger children.
- Newer devices offer improved safety and efficacy for VSD closure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the feasibility and complication rates of device closure for VSD in children weighing 10 kg or less.
- To evaluate the use of different device types in this pediatric population.
- To analyze outcomes in a cohort of young children undergoing transcatheter VSD closure.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of data from 50 pediatric patients with VSD weighing 10 kg or less.
- Data collected from case files and catheterization records between March 2018 and March 2021.
- Inclusion criteria focused on VSD patients within a specific weight and age range.
Main Results:
- Successful device closure was achieved in 90% (45/50) of cases.
- The mean patient weight was 7.46 ± 1.89 kg, with ages ranging from 4-48 months.
- Pulmonary artery pressures varied, with 42% having normal pressures and 58% exhibiting pulmonary hypertension (mild, moderate, or severe).
- Amplatzer Duct Occluders (ADOI and ADOII) and Amplatzer Muscular VSD Occluders were utilized.
Conclusions:
- Transcatheter VSD closure is a feasible and safe alternative to surgical repair in children weighing 10 kg or less.
- The procedure shows promising immediate and short-term outcomes.
- Device closure represents a valid therapeutic option for selected pediatric VSD cases.
Introduction:
Ventricular septal defect is one of the commonest heart defect in children and closure of this defect with devices has seen a rapid progression over a period of time. The availability of new and safer devices has made the transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect a suitable option even in young children.
Aim:
The study was done to evaluate the feasibility and complications of device closure of ventricular septal defect in children weighing 10 kg or less with different types of devices.
Methods:
The present study was undertaken in a newly established dedicated Paediatric Cardiac Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Relevant data were obtained retrospectively from the case files and the catheterisation records and data were analysed for first 50 patients with ventricular septal defect weighing 10 kg or less between March 2018 and March 2021.
Results:
Among these 50 patients selected, device closure was successfully done in 45 (90%) cases while 5 (10%) attempts were unsuccessful for various reasons. The mean weight in this study was 7.46 ± 1.89 kg (2.3-10 kg), 21 (42%) cases were females while 29 (58%) were males; mean age was 19.4 ± 11.88 months (4-48 months). Right heart catheterisation study showed 21 (42%) patients with normal pulmonary artery pressures (no pulmonary artery hypertension). Among 29 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, 13 patients (22%) were having mild pulmonary arterial hypertension, 4 (8%) were with moderate pulmonary arterial hypertension, and 12 (24%) were with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mean Qp/Qs was 2.73 ± 0.72 (2.5-4.5) and mean pulmonary vascular resistance was 1.5 ± 1.04 (0.6-4.6 WU). Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADOI) was used in 15 (30%) cases, 27 (52%) cases were closed with Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADOII), and the 3 (6%) cases closure was done with Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder.
Conclusions:
Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect in children 10 kg or less is feasible and safe alternative to surgical ventricular septal defect closure. The immediate and short-term outcomes have proven this method to be safe and valid.
