Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.8K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.8K
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

1.8K
Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
1.8K
Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

1.3K
The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...
1.3K
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

1.4K
Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
1.4K
Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

712
Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...
712
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

619
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
619

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Four-Way Wada: SEEG-based mapping with electrical stimulation, high frequency activity, and phase amplitude coupling to complement traditional Wada and functional MRI prior to epilepsy surgery.

Epilepsy research·2023
Same author

Noninvasive three-state sleep-wake staging in mice using electric field sensors.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2020
Same author

Disc degeneration induces a mechano-sensitization of disc afferent nerve fibers that associates with low back pain.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2019
Same author

Ultranarrow extraresonant holes and antiholes in pump - probe and four-wave mixing spectroscopy of a two-level system interacting with two fields of arbitrary intensity.

Optics letters·2009
Same author

Polarization dependence of resonance-enhanced three-photon scattering.

Optics letters·2009
Same author

Competition between stimulated three-photon scattering and parametric four-wave mixing.

Optics letters·2009
Same journal

Effectiveness of a posture education program in high school students: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Development and characterization of silicone-based testosterone propionate implants for sustained androgen delivery in juvenile castrated male pigs.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Machine learning assisted multi-criteria decision-making approaches for site selection: A systematic review.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

A systematic analytical framework for multi-source municipal solid waste characterization for energy recovery.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Decision tree and reinforcement learning for contextual electricity consumption forecasting in buildings.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Temperature-assisted stabilization of aqueous polychlorinated biphenyl stock solutions for sorption experiments.

MethodsX·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Author Spotlight: IntelliSleepScorer — A High-Accuracy, Accessible GUI Software for Automated Sleep Stage Scoring in Mice and its Application in Psychiatric Research
04:54

Author Spotlight: IntelliSleepScorer — A High-Accuracy, Accessible GUI Software for Automated Sleep Stage Scoring in Mice and its Application in Psychiatric Research

Published on: November 8, 2024

672

Scoring sleep using respiration and movement-based features.

H Kloefkorn1, L M Aiani2, S Hochman1

  • 1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30033, United States.

Methodsx
|May 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a non-invasive method using electric field (EF) sensors to accurately score rodent sleep stages, offering a simpler alternative to traditional electrode techniques for researchers.

Keywords:
Electric field sensorNoninvasiveRodentSleep scoring

More Related Videos

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

837

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Author Spotlight: IntelliSleepScorer — A High-Accuracy, Accessible GUI Software for Automated Sleep Stage Scoring in Mice and its Application in Psychiatric Research
04:54

Author Spotlight: IntelliSleepScorer — A High-Accuracy, Accessible GUI Software for Automated Sleep Stage Scoring in Mice and its Application in Psychiatric Research

Published on: November 8, 2024

672
Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

837

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate sleep scoring is crucial for understanding rodent behavior and neurological states.
  • Traditional methods using electrodes can be invasive and complex.
  • Developing non-invasive, user-friendly techniques is a significant need in sleep research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish rules for scoring rodent sleep (wake, REM, non-REM) using non-contact electric field (EF) sensors.
  • To validate EF sensor-based sleep scoring as a non-invasive alternative to electrode techniques.
  • To provide a methodology that is easily learned and implemented by researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Developed scoring rules based on standard Rechtschaffen and Kales criteria.
  • Utilized movements detected by non-contact electric field (EF) sensors.
  • Focused on respiratory and gross body movements for sleep stage classification.

Main Results:

  • Successfully scored rodent sleep into wake, REM, and non-REM stages using EF sensor data.
  • Demonstrated that EF sensor-based scoring is a validated, non-invasive alternative to electrode methods.
  • The developed methodology and rules were found to be easily learned and implemented.

Conclusions:

  • EF sensor-based sleep scoring provides a validated, non-invasive method for rodent sleep analysis.
  • The technique is user-friendly and has potential for broader application in other species and technologies.
  • Included expert-scored examples facilitate self-training for novice scorers.