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Related Experiment Videos

Radiation effects in the lung.

J E Coggle, B E Lambert, S R Moores

    Environmental Health Perspectives
    |December 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Radiobiology explains lung reactions to ionizing radiation, including acute pneumonitis and chronic fibrosis. Alpha emitters pose a greater cancer risk than beta/gamma radiation, with homogeneous irradiation increasing hazard.

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    Area of Science:

    • Radiobiology
    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Radiation Oncology

    Background:

    • Ionizing radiation causes complex acute and late reactions in the lung.
    • These reactions include pneumonitis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis, influenced by dose and radiation type.
    • Understanding radiobiology is key to predicting and managing lung damage from radiation exposure.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline radiobiological principles explaining lung reactions to ionizing radiation.
    • To describe acute and late lung responses to external and internal radiation.
    • To review data on radiation-induced pulmonary cancer and associated hazards.

    Main Methods:

    • Assays of lung reactions using biochemical, cell kinetic, physiological, and pathological methods.

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  • Analysis of clinical and experimental data on radiation pneumonitis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis.
  • Review of data on alpha and beta emitting radionuclides and their carcinogenic effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Acute radiation pneumonitis (≥8 Gy low LET) occurs within 6 months, characterized by inflammation and edema.
    • Type II pneumonocyte hyperplasia and increased microvascular permeability are implicated in pneumonitis.
    • Radiation-induced pulmonary cancer risk is higher with alpha emitters and homogeneous irradiation.

    Conclusions:

    • Radiobiology provides a framework for understanding lung damage from ionizing radiation.
    • The pathogenesis of radiation fibrosis remains unclear, despite insights into early pneumonitis.
    • Alpha emitters and homogeneous irradiation significantly increase the risk of radiation-induced lung cancer.