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COVID-19 amongst western democracies: A welfare state analysis
Raluca Bejan1, Kristina Nikolova2
1School of Social Work, Dalhousie University, Mona Campbell Building, 1459 Lemarchant St., Halifax, NS B3H 3P8 Canada.
Social Theory & Health : STH
|May 2, 2022
Summary
Liberal welfare states demonstrated better COVID-19 outcomes, experiencing fewer cases and deaths. This suggests welfare state structures significantly impact pandemic response, even with similar policy interventions.
Area of Science:
- Political Science
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic caused millions of deaths globally, with varied impacts across nations.
- Understanding how different socio-political systems influence pandemic outcomes is crucial for public health policy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze COVID-19 case and mortality rate disparities among distinct welfare state typologies.
- To investigate the role of welfare state characteristics in mitigating pandemic impact during the initial three waves.
Main Methods:
- Utilized repeated measures Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).
- Controlled for confounding variables including economic status, healthcare spending, and political factors.
Main Results:
- Liberal welfare states showed significantly better outcomes regarding COVID-19 cases, deaths, and excess mortality compared to Conservative/Corporatist states.
- Social Democratic countries did not show better outcomes than Conservative/Corporatist states after accounting for confounding variables.
- Despite similar welfare responses post-first wave, outcome differences persisted across welfare state types.
Conclusions:
- The superior performance of Liberal states may be linked to social democratization or the homogenizing effects of neoliberalism on welfare provisions.
- Welfare state typology remains a significant factor in pandemic resilience, independent of policy similarities.
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