Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

388
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
388
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

361
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
361
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

1.5K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.5K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

284
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
284
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

72
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
72
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

3.3K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Economic and Resource Use-Related Guidance in US Medical Societies' Clinical Practice Guidelines.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

PTSD symptoms, loneliness, and amygdala volumes during pandemic social distancing associated with risk of suicidal ideation in trauma survivors with and without pre-pandemic PTSD.

Journal of affective disorders reports·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Is loneliness related to greater use of DeepSeek as an AI companion? A study from China" [Asian J. Psychiatr. 117 (2026) 104845].

Asian journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Fear of Missing Out and Problematic Social Media Use Among Chinese University Students: Latent Profiles and Two-Wave Network Comparisons.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

PTSD's relation with problematic smartphone use: Mediating role of impulsivity.

Computers in human behavior·2026
Same author

Exploring the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation and Distress Intolerance in the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Problematic Smartphone Use: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Health science reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

9.9K

Hyperinsulinemia Associated Depression.

Haider Sarwar1,2,3, Shafiya Imtiaz Rafiqi1,2, Showkat Ahmad4

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.

Clinical Medicine Insights. Endocrinology and Diabetes
|May 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High insulin levels contribute to obesity, inflammation, and depression by disrupting hormone regulation and neurotransmitter function. Treatments like triple therapy and gut microbiota restoration show promise in managing these interconnected conditions.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusdepressionhyperinsulinism

More Related Videos

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.4K
Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

10.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

9.9K
Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.4K
Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

10.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

  • Hyperinsulinemia drives fat accumulation and obesity, creating an inflammatory state.
  • Obesity is linked to hypothalamic pituitary axis dysregulation and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) imbalances.
  • Inflammatory cytokines disrupt neurotransmitter metabolism, contributing to depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the link between hyperinsulinemia, obesity, inflammation, and depression.
  • To investigate the role of the sympathetic nervous system in insulin regulation and metabolic disruption.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies for managing associated depression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing hypotheses on SNS, insulin, and hyperglycemia.
  • Analysis of the impact of inflammatory cytokines on neurotransmitter signaling.
  • Examination of the consequences of chronic hyperinsulinemia on glucose transport and insulin resistance.

Main Results:

  • Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress.
  • Disrupted SNS activity increases insulin levels and promotes metabolic dysfunction.
  • Impaired glucose transport due to lipid accumulation leads to insulin resistance and depression.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperinsulinemia-induced obesity and inflammation are significant risk factors for depression.
  • Therapeutic interventions including SSRIs, bupropion, CBT, and gut microbiota restoration can improve glycemic control and reduce depression symptoms.
  • Addressing underlying metabolic and inflammatory pathways is crucial for managing depression.