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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aqueous electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) offer enhanced safety over organic electrolytes.
  • Water-in-salt (WIS) electrolytes extend the electrochemical stability window, improving LIB performance.
  • High salt concentrations in WIS electrolytes are limited by salt solubility, impacting kinetic protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop anode structure design strategies for improving the cycle life of LIBs utilizing WIS electrolytes.
  • To mitigate issues related to anode surface exposure and water electrolysis in WIS LIBs.
  • To enhance charge transfer kinetics and overall battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of partially graphitic protective carbon layers onto anode particles via a versatile coating method.
  • Characterization of anode structure and electrochemical performance.
  • Testing of modified TiO2 anodes in WIS electrolytes.

Main Results:

  • The protective carbon layer improved charge transfer kinetics.
  • Minimized anode surface exposure reduced water electrolysis.
  • TiO2 anodes with the developed structure showed an 11-fold improvement in cycle performance and a 29% increase in coulombic efficiency compared to base anodes.

Conclusions:

  • Anode structure modification with protective carbon layers is an effective strategy for enhancing WIS LIB performance.
  • This approach significantly improves cycle life and coulombic efficiency.
  • The developed method offers a pathway for safer and more durable next-generation energy storage systems.