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Emergence of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia During Admission for COVID-19: Cause or Coincidence?

Prachi Saluja1, Nitesh Gautam1, Fnu Amisha1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.

Cureus
|May 2, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may unmask chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in susceptible individuals. This study reports a case and discusses potential mechanisms for this unexpected association.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in Western adults.
  • CLL is a known risk factor for severe outcomes from COVID-19.
  • A causal link between COVID-19 and CLL development has not been established.

Observation:

  • A 55-year-old male presented with COVID-19 pneumonia.
  • Overt chronic lymphocytic leukemia was diagnosed during hospitalization.
  • Four similar cases were identified in the medical literature.

Findings:

  • The presented case and literature review suggest COVID-19 may precipitate the clinical manifestation of CLL.
  • Mechanistic pathways for the unmasking of CLL by COVID-19 are explored.

Implications:

  • COVID-19 infection could potentially reveal underlying CLL in predisposed individuals.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and CLL pathogenesis.
  • This association may impact diagnostic and treatment strategies for patients with both conditions.

Keywords:
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll)covid-19covid-19 pneumoniahemato-oncologypneumoniasevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 (sars-cov-2)

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