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Ocular Surface Diseases in Patients With Diabetes
Kunj Naik1, Renu Magdum1, Amod Ahuja1
1Ophthalmology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND.
Cureus
|May 2, 2022
Summary
Diabetes significantly increases the risk of dry eye disease, particularly with longer duration and poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8%). Early ocular surface evaluation is crucial for diabetic patients to prevent complications.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of ocular morbidity.
- Diabetic retinopathy is a known complication, but ocular surface changes are increasingly recognized.
- Ocular surface diseases in diabetic patients can lead to significant visual impairment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between diabetes and ocular surface diseases.
- To evaluate the impact of diabetes duration and control on ocular surface health.
- To assess the prevalence of conditions like dry eye, blepharitis, and meibomian gland dysfunction in diabetic patients.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 160 diabetic patients (320 eyes).
- Evaluation of symptoms using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire.
- Assessment of tear film parameters (Schirmer's test, tear film breakup time), corneal sensitivity, and clinical signs (blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction).
- Correlation of findings with diabetes duration and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.
Main Results:
- 55% of patients exhibited varying degrees of dry eye.
- Higher OSDI scores correlated with increased diabetes severity.
- Dry eye prevalence was 67% in patients with HbA1c >8% and 68% in those with diabetes duration >10 years.
- Blepharitis (23.7%) and meibomian gland dysfunction (44%) were common; hordeolum was less frequent (4%).
Conclusions:
- The incidence of dry eye disease is elevated in patients with uncontrolled diabetes and longer diabetes duration.
- The OSDI questionnaire is a valuable tool for diagnosing dry eye in diabetic patients.
- Routine ocular surface evaluation is recommended for all diabetic patients to prevent severe complications like keratitis.
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