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Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Sanger Sequencing

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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Genetic Material

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Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Published on: August 3, 2018

A Sequence Obfuscation Method for Protecting Personal Genomic Privacy.

Shibiao Wan¹, Jieqiong Wang²

¹Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.

Frontiers in Genetics

|May 2, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Protecting personal genomic privacy is crucial. IterMegaBLAST offers a fast and accurate method for genomic data obfuscation, balancing utility and confidentiality for medical diagnoses and research.

Keywords:

DNA generalization lattice IterMegaBLAST MegaBLAST clustering genomic privacy machine learning obfuscation methods sequence similarity

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Last Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

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Published on: August 3, 2018

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

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Published on: January 25, 2019

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Published on: April 4, 2018

Area of Science:

Genomics
Bioinformatics
Computational Biology

Background:

Advances in whole genome sequencing technology have made large-scale personal genomic data collection feasible and affordable.
This surge in genomic data collection for medical diagnoses and drug discovery presents significant challenges for personal genomic privacy protection.
Current genomic privacy methods often suffer from time-consuming encryption or low data recovery accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel method for protecting personal genomic privacy that is both fast and reliable.
To ensure that personal genomic data remains utilizable for research and medical applications while maintaining confidentiality.
To address the limitations of existing genomic privacy-protection techniques.

Main Methods:

Proposes IterMegaBLAST, a sequence similarity-based obfuscation method for personal genomic privacy.
Utilizes MegaBLAST to identify the most similar sequence to a randomly selected sequence within a dataset.
Clusters aligned sequences and generates obfuscated sequences using a DNA generalization lattice scheme iteratively.

Main Results:

IterMegaBLAST significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Demonstrates superior performance in both utility accuracy and time complexity under equivalent anonymity levels.
Experimental results on benchmark datasets validate the method's effectiveness.

Conclusions:

IterMegaBLAST provides an efficient and effective solution for safeguarding personal genomic privacy.
The method successfully balances the need for genomic data utility with robust privacy protection.
This approach is crucial for the responsible advancement of genomic medicine and research.