Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries: A review on the newest reconstruction techniques

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is considered very important for normal knee function, the disruption of which may result in malfunction, meniscal lesions, and the early onset of joint degeneration. The aim of this comprehensive review was to investigate the different techniques used in the reconstruction of damaged ACL. Current methods in reconstruction of ACL include different types of autograft and allograft to replace native ligaments. The ideal graft for reconstruction of ACL is one which is biomechanically similar to the native ligament, is easily harvested, has least harvest site morbidity, and gets well incorporated with the bone. Cross-fixing of hamstrings has been created for ACL reconstruction in the hopes of improving potential problems related to the interference screw and button fixation technique. Previous clinical results indicated that double-bundle ACL reconstruction is equivalent or even superior to single-bundle ACL reconstruction in regaining anterior and rotational stability.