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Related Concept Videos

Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
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Researchers' Ethical Concerns About Using Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation for Enhancement.

Kristin Kostick-Quenet1, Lavina Kalwani2, Barbara Koenig3

  • 1Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|May 2, 2022
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Summary

Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) offers therapeutic potential but raises enhancement concerns. Researchers emphasize safety, naturalness, and fairness, urging caution until brain function is better understood before non-therapeutic use.

Keywords:
adaptive deep brain stimulationneuroenhancement (NE)neurotechnology and brain-machine-interfaceperspectivesqualitative study

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Bioethics
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Next-generation adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) devices can both measure and modulate neural activity.
  • While aDBS shows therapeutic promise for neurological and psychiatric disorders, its invasive nature presents distinct ethical considerations for enhancement applications compared to non-invasive technologies.
  • Existing ethical discussions on neuro-enhancement lack empirical data from the aDBS research community.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the perspectives of adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) researchers regarding the ethical implications of using aDBS for non-therapeutic enhancement.
  • To identify the primary ethical concerns held by researchers involved in aDBS development concerning enhancement applications.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with 23 adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) researchers.
  • Thematic content analysis was employed to analyze interview data and identify recurring ethical themes.

Main Results:

  • Researchers expressed significant ethical concerns regarding safety, security, the "unnaturalness" of enhancement, and issues of fairness, equality, and distributive justice.
  • A majority (70%) of researchers believe aDBS enhancement applications will become technically feasible, with some already in development (e.g., for military use).
  • All interviewed researchers (100%) agreed that aDBS should not be pursued for enhancement purposes until a deeper understanding of brain target localization and function is achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The aDBS research community acknowledges potential enhancement applications but prioritizes ethical considerations, including safety and a comprehensive understanding of brain function.
  • Concerns about personhood, authenticity, autonomy, and privacy, while noted, are secondary to immediate issues of safety and the need for further basic research.
  • A consensus exists among researchers that therapeutic applications should be prioritized and that enhancement applications require significant further investigation and ethical deliberation before implementation.