Predictive Processing in Sign Languages: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Cognitive Neuroscience
• Linguistics
• Psychology

Background:

• Predictive processing (PP) theories suggest the brain constantly predicts sensory input.
• Evidence for PP in spoken language is robust, but its role in sign language is less understood.
• Understanding PP in sign language is crucial for a comprehensive theory of language processing.

Approach:

• Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.
• Searched multiple databases and gray literature for relevant studies.
• Included studies on predictive processing or neural entrainment in human sign language processing.

Key Points:

• Limited evidence suggests PP occurs in sign language users, potentially as an amodal property.
• Studies primarily focused on semantic prediction using dynamic sign stimuli.
• The neural mechanisms and impact of language mastery (L1, L2, bilingual) on PP in sign language are unclear.

Conclusions:

• Predictive processing appears to be a fundamental aspect of human language, extending to sign languages.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms and influence of language proficiency.
• Future studies should focus on diverse prediction types and varying language dominance in signers.