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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

1.1K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Overview
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Cutaneous Metal Hypersensitivity Reaction.

Sun Yang1, Ellie Choi1, Yau Hong Ng2

  • 1Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Case Reports in Dermatology
|May 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal hypersensitivity reactions (MHR) can cause dermatitis after knee arthroplasty. Patch testing identified allergies to implant metals, suggesting alloy replacement may be necessary for persistent reactions.

Keywords:
Allergic contact dermatitisImplantImplant hypersensitivityMetalsPatch test

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Dermatology
  • Allergy Immunology

Background:

  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common orthopedic procedure.
  • Metal hypersensitivity reactions (MHR) can occur post-implantation, presenting as contact dermatitis.
  • Identifying specific metal allergens is crucial for managing persistent reactions.

Observation:

  • A patient developed severe dermatitis post-TKA, unresponsive to initial treatments.
  • Physical examination revealed erythematous and urticated plaques.
  • Patch testing indicated hypersensitivity to multiple metals, including nickel and gold.

Findings:

  • Orthopedic implants often contain metal alloys like nickel and cobalt.
  • MHR can manifest as local or systemic contact dermatitis weeks to months after exposure.
  • The presented case highlights a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to TKA components.

Implications:

  • While pre-implant testing isn't routine, MHR should be considered in unexplained dermatitis post-arthroplasty.
  • Conservative management can be effective for MHR.
  • Implant revision with alternative alloys (e.g., titanium) may be necessary for patients with confirmed, clinically relevant hypersensitivity and implant failure.