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The Auditory Ossicles

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity

Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity

Published on: March 16, 2018

Editorial: Otologic Trauma, Pathology, and Therapy

Lukas D Landegger¹, Takeshi Fujita², Taha A Jan³

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

|May 2, 2022

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

Keywords:

cisplatin cochlea genetics hearing loss otology regeneration synaptopathy

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