Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 25, 2025

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
Published on: November 9, 2016
Factors hindering the implementation of clinical pharmacy practice in Egyptian hospitals
Mohamed Kamal Eldin1, Marwan Mohyeldin2, Gehad Amgad Zaytoun3
1Former Resident in the International Pharmacy Practice Residency (IPPR) program, currently Clinical Pharmacist at the Children Cancer Hospital in Egypt 57357 (CCHE 57357), Cairo, Egypt. mohamed.kamaleldin@57357.org.
Background:
The direction toward incorporating clinical pharmacy services is increasing worldwide but there are many barriers that hinder its implementation in many countries. The types of barriers vary among countries according to their culture, population, education & economic status.
Objective:
This study aims to investigate factors hindering the implementation of clinical pharmacy practice in Egyptian hospitals.
Methods:
Hundred hospital pharmacists working in various reputable hospitals in Egypt participated in a descriptive cross-sectional survey designed as a questionnaire representing the main factors previously reported in the literature to hinder clinical pharmacy implementation in different countries around the world. Cronbach alpha was calculated to test the reliability of the questionnaire. Likert plot was used to graphically present the participants' responses.
Results:
The most significant factors that participants reported to hinder the implementation of clinical pharmacy practice in Egyptian hospitals were the lack of clear career path, financial resources, and leadership support. The percentage of participants who agreed that such factors were key players in hindering the implementation of clinical pharmacy practice was 76%, 74%, and 57% respectively.
Conclusion:
A number of factors were found to impede clinical pharmacy implementation in Egyptian hospitals. Taking corrective measures to resolve such hindrances should ensure proper hospital pharmacy practice and should positively reflect on patient healthcare services provided at the national level.
Related Concept Videos
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Presystemic Elimination
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors
Age plays a significant role due to differences in body composition among different age groups. Infants, for instance, have a higher proportion of total body water and lower albumin levels, a protein that binds drugs in the bloodstream. This unique composition in infants enhances the...
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers
The capillary endothelial barrier allows only smaller molecules below 600 Da (Daltons) to pass through. It also restricts drugs like heparin that are bound to blood components, limiting their movement within the bloodstream.
The...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Drug Distribution and Drug Interactions
One important factor is the relationship between renal clearance and the apparent volume of distribution. Renal clearance tends to be inversely proportional to the apparent volume of distribution. Drugs with an extensive distribution volume or those...
Barriers to Effective Communication II
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

