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Experimentally-induced border disease in goats.

T Løken

    Journal of Comparative Pathology
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pregnant goats infected with bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) virus experienced reproductive issues, including empty uteri and fetal abnormalities, depending on gestation stage. Offspring showed central nervous system lesions, indicating BVD

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Reproductive Immunology
    • Teratology

    Background:

    • Bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) virus is a significant pathogen affecting livestock.
    • Understanding its impact on pregnant ruminants, like goats, is crucial for disease management.
    • Previous studies have indicated potential reproductive consequences of BVD virus infection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of inoculating pregnant goats with a cytopathic strain of BVD virus.
    • To determine the impact of BVD virus infection at different gestational stages on pregnancy outcomes.
    • To assess the health and immunological status of offspring born to infected dams.

    Main Methods:

    • Twelve of 14 pregnant goats were intramuscularly inoculated with a cytopathic BVD virus strain at various gestation periods (approx. 40, 60, and 100 days).
    • Pregnancy outcomes were monitored, and goats were necropsied at approximately four months gestation or allowed to kid.
    • Offspring were examined for clinical signs, histopathological lesions (particularly in the central nervous system), and presence of antibodies. BVD virus isolation was also performed.

    Main Results:

    • Goats infected around 40 or 60 days of gestation experienced significant reproductive failure, including empty uteri, abortion, or severely autolyzed fetuses with excessive fetal fluid.
    • Goats infected later in gestation (around 100 days) produced clinically normal offspring.
    • All offspring from infected dams exhibited histopathological lesions in the central nervous system, consistent with border disease.
    • Both cytopathic and non-cytopathic BVD viruses were isolated. Precolostral antibodies against BVD virus were detected in kids from dams infected at 60 and 100 days gestation.

    Conclusions:

    • Infection of pregnant goats with BVD virus during early to mid-gestation can lead to severe reproductive losses and fetal abnormalities.
    • While later gestation infection may result in apparently normal offspring, subclinical effects like CNS lesions are present.
    • BVD virus infection in goats can mimic border disease, highlighting the need for diagnostic differentiation and control strategies.

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