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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
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CD8 agonism functionally activates memory T cells and enhances antitumor immunity.

Alaa Madi1,2, Nina Weisshaar1, Michael Buettner3

  • 1T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

International Journal of Cancer
|May 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Activating CD8 molecules on memory T cells enhances their cancer-killing ability by boosting metabolism and effector functions. This CD8 agonism improves memory T cell-based cancer immunotherapy efficacy.

Keywords:
CD8+ T cellsTCR signalingimmunometabolismimmunotherapymemory T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Memory CD8+ T cells express higher CD8 protein levels post-antigen clearance.
  • The functional activation of T cells via CD8 engagement without antigen is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if CD8 engagement alone can functionally activate memory CD8+ T cells.
  • To determine the metabolic requirements and therapeutic potential of CD8 agonism.

Main Methods:

  • Antibody-mediated activation of memory CD8+ T cells.
  • Analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) downstream signaling.
  • Assessment of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and effector cytokine production.
  • In vitro and in vivo evaluation of tumoricidal activity.

Main Results:

  • CD8 antibody activation triggered TCR signaling, enhanced cytotoxicity, and promoted cytokine production.
  • These effects were dependent on glucose and glutamine metabolism.
  • Pretreatment with agonistic anti-CD8 antibody improved tumoricidal activity.

Conclusions:

  • CD8 agonism activates glucose and glutamine metabolism in memory T cells.
  • CD8 agonism enhances the efficacy of memory T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.