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Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
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Pathophysiological functions of self-derived DNA.

Daisuke Ori1, Taro Kawai1

  • 1Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan.

International Reviews of Immunology
|May 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Inflammation is vital for immunity and homeostasis. DNA sensing via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) triggers immune responses, but self-DNA release can cause autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
DNADNA-sensingPRRautoimmune diseaseautoinflammatory disease

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Inflammation is crucial for immune responses and maintaining biological balance.
  • Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) initiate inflammatory cascades upon detecting pathogen- or self-derived molecules.

Approach:

  • Review of DNA-sensing mechanisms mediated by PRRs.
  • Focus on the role of self-derived DNA in triggering inflammatory responses.
  • Examination of associated autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders.

Key Points:

  • PRRs detect DNA in various cellular compartments, activating downstream signaling.
  • Activation leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs).
  • Aberrant release of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA can trigger autoimmune conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DNA-sensing pathways is critical for comprehending inflammatory diseases.
  • Dysregulation of self-DNA recognition by PRRs contributes to autoinflammatory disorders.
  • Further research into these mechanisms may reveal therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.